9/20/2023 0 Comments Negative electron affinityIonization energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a natural isolated gaseous atom in its ground state to form a cation also in the gaseous state. Note: It is to be noted that the phenomenon ionization energy is opposite to the electron affinity. $$Ĭhlorine is the element which has the highest negative electron affinity that means more energy is released in addition of an electron to the chlorine atom in comparison to other atoms. A negative electron affinity indicates that the process absorbs energy (it is endothermic), increasing the energy of the system. For example, when an electron is added to the neon atom, electron affinity is positive. That means the electron gain enthalpy will be positive. These atoms do not have any urge to gain extra electrons and energy has to be supplied in such cases. In many cases such as noble gases and alkaline earth metals, there is the presence of completely filled valence shells of an atom. Ca(g) + S(g) CaS(g) Ionization energy Atom Mg Ca Electron affinity Atom O S Ionic radius Ion Mg+ Ca+ 0- S- I (aJ) 1.23 0.980 EA (aJ) -0.234 -0.332 I (. The noble gases will sometimes have negative electron affinities, indicating that it is an exothermic process to remove an electron from these elements. The halogens, again, have very high electron affinities. Positive electron affinity means energy is consumed when an extra electron is added to the neutral atom. In contrast, electron affinity describes the energy change when an electron is added to an atom. Let’s discuss the negative and positive electron affinity. Electron Affinities and Electron Configurations for the First 10 Elements in the. These configurations are so stable that it actually takes energy to force one of these elements to pick up an extra electron to form a negative ion. It is also known as electron gain enthalpy. The electron affinity of an element is the energy given off when a neutral atom in the gas phase gains an extra. Hint: We know that electron affinity is the change in enthalpy which takes place when a gaseous atom gains an extra electron to form a monovalent anion also in the gaseous state.
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